For pediatric examinations, Philips Grid-Controlled Fluoroscopy (GCF) enables a dose rate1 reduction up to 68%2 compared to Pulse-Controlled Fluoroscopy (PCF), depending on patient type and clinical application.
1Dose rate determined according to IEC 60601-2-54, 203.5.2.4.5.102, System set up: detector format 43 x 43 cm (17 x 17"), patient type children, 0.1 mm Cu + 1 mm Al filter, reduced dose and pulsed slow fluoroscopy mode with 2 pulses/s, Phantom: 5 cm (2 in) PMMA 2Relative difference of two reference air kerma rates between system with GCF and system with PCF
Pulsed fluoroscopy is an established technology, delivering good image quality at a lower dose than continuous fluoroscopy. In pulsed fluoroscopy, the X-rays are created in pulses instead of being continuous, and each pulse results in one image frame of a sequence. Different technologies are available to create these pulses and they differ in terms of cost and performance.
Children are more sensitive to radiation than adults, so it is even more critical that pediatric fluoroscopy follows the ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) to keep the X-ray dose low.
Therefore pulses are not precisely rectangular, but rounded, having rising edges (ramping) and falling tails (trailing). This results in unusable extra dose for the patient (low-energy X-rays, often called soft radiation). This radiation should be avoided because it contributes to patient dose but does not have enough energy to reach the detector, and therefore it does not contribute to the imaging process.
With traditional PCF, the high-voltage generator creates the X-ray pulses. However, long power cables from generator to X-ray tube behave like big capacitors, strongly affecting the form of the electric signal they transport.
Philips GCF creates the pulses right inside the X-ray tube. This technology is able to produce sharp pulses without the rising edges and falling tails seen in PCF. It removes the unwanted soft radiation. In addition, GCF is more precise and powerful and is able to create smaller, shorter pulses with lower current but higher voltage. These optimized voltage control curves are tailored specifically to the needs of pediatric fluoroscopy, and the resulting dose rate is substantially lower.
PCF: Un-sharp, high and long pulses, with ramping and trailing, creating extra dose for the patient through soft radiation.
GCF: Sharper, smaller and shorter pulses without ramping or trailing soft radiation, delivers only dose that contributes to the image.
PCF: Un-sharp, high and long pulses, with ramping and trailing, creating extra dose for the patient through soft radiation.
With traditional PCF, the high-voltage generator creates the X-ray pulses. However, long power cables from generator to X-ray tube behave like big capacitors, strongly affecting the form of the electric signal they transport. Therefore pulses are not precisely rectangular, but rounded, having rising edges (ramping) and falling tails (trailing). This results in unusable extra dose for the patient (low-energy X-rays, often called soft radiation). This radiation should be avoided because it contributes to patient dose but does not have enough energy to reach the detector, and therefore it does not contribute to the imaging process.
GCF: Sharper, smaller and shorter pulses without ramping or trailing soft radiation, delivers only dose that contributes to the image.
Philips GCF creates the pulses right inside the X-ray tube. This technology is able to produce sharp pulses without the rising edges and falling tails seen in PCF. It removes the unwanted soft radiation. In addition, GCF is more precise and powerful and is able to create smaller, shorter pulses with lower current but higher voltage. These optimized voltage control curves are tailored specifically to the needs of pediatric fluoroscopy, and the resulting dose rate is substantially lower.
Watch the video to see how In-Pulse Control works.
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